United Republics

The United Republics, fully the North American Union of Socialist Council Republics (NAUSCR, usually contracted as the Union of American Socialist Republics or UASR), or more commonly America, is a in, bordered by Mexico in the south with maritime proximity to Cuba in the same direction. Accounting for both its mainland and overseas territory, the total area of the country is at XXX km2 making it the X largest country in the world, spanning X time zones and bearing a total population of XX million. The high level of ecological and biological diversity in the country has allowed it to be identified as a.

The subcontinent was initially home to multiple  which entered the region about 12,000 years, most notably the , the , the , , the  and the. Colonization by the Europeans (particularly the and the ) commenced in the 16th century, where it was also a key area in the. However, due to the events of the of the, disputes with the metropole, particularly on taxation, escalated into the  which established the United States in America.

The issue of slavery in the country was concluded in the Slavers' War between the pro-slavery and the anti-slavery  which ended with the latter's victory. The ensuing expanded and concentrated both economic and political power to capitalist elites in the country. Exacerbated due to the government's pro-business policies (by United States president William McKinley and onwards) prompted the rise of a militant Socialist and Labor movement, which eventually gained positions in. Despite this, the social and economic aftermath of the Great War due to the United States' worsened living conditions and increased authoritarian crackdowns of social and political dissidents under president Thomas R. Marshall prompted a political conflict that would have the long-term effect of flaring into full-on civil war between the American labor movement and the United States government following a right-wing coup d'etat. By the end of 1933, with Soviet aid, the victorious socialists would successfully establish the United Republics, with the rump putschist United States government fleeing and occupying Cuba.

The United Republics is a Socialist Federation of XX republics and communes working under a system. It currently is a key member of the Third Communist International and one of its two leading powers, after the Soviet Union.

Etymology
The name America came after German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller's 1507 world map who named the continent after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

The full name of the state is North American Union of Socialist Council Republics (NASCAR), with Union of American Socialist Republics being its official short form.

Due to the length of the official names, the name of the state is commonly referred as United Republics.

Gilded Age and the Great War
Along with the in the South, which ultimately failed to provide true social emancipation for the African-American population and saw a reactionary backlash against civil rights, the years and decades following the Slavers' War also saw a large-scale expansion in industrialization and economic growth. Railroads were built across the nation, and mining and manufacturing boomed, on the backs of immigrant labour. In absolute terms, wages grew more than anywhere else in the world at that time. However, wealth was not evenly distributed, and inequality between workers and business owners became ever more visible and extreme. This period would come to be known as the "Gilded Age", metaphorically refering to a thin layer of gold being placed over an unjust society. The socialist movement began to grow during this period, with the forming of groups such as the Socialist Labor Party, the and the Industrial Workers of the World. Socialism would find a particularly large constituency among the large population of European migrants who found themselves working in America to seek a better life, only to find hardships. 1877 would see the, the world's largest strike at any such point up until that time. The period marked the rise of America's "", seeing the bipartisan dominance of the Republican Party and Democratic Party on a federal level up until the 1900s. Corruption became rampant, with many major scandals involving business and bribery. On the international stage, the United States grew to rival the old European empires among the world's great powers, even developing a colonial empire of its own in the Pacific and Carribean, taking territories from Spain (most notably the Philippines) in the. The US would soon have the largest economy in the world, but popular discontent was rife, and with Progressive reformists in both of the major parties ultimately proving unsuccessful, serious levels of class conflict had begun to emerge by the 1910s. Involved in the complex series of diplomatic alliances between the Great Powers of the time, the United States would be drawn into the Great War at an early stage, taking a devastating toll on a generation of men for little gain.

Second Revolution and establishment of Socialist Republic
Following the Great War, the Old United States entered a period of deep internal division and civil strife. Coming off the heels of an anti-war movement that had come to embrace revolutionary defeatism during the Biennio Rosso (Italian, "two red years"), the country went through the painful process of demobilising its war economy. The massive spike in unemployment and collapsing commodity prices in 1919 led to the formation of soviets in a dual power arrangement, widespread strikes and factory occupations. This revolutionary upsurge reached its peak in the Red Summer of 1920 in a dress-rehearsal of the revolution to come.

With the federal government working to contain the worst effects of demobilisation, and General Leonard Wood bringing the establishment towards a more conciliatory stance towards the working class, open conflict abated. While Wood promised reform and amnesty to war resisters, class-conflict continued on new trajectories during the "Roaring Twenties", a period of economic growth and social change. Old pillars of Americanism broke down as society pillarised along a class divide. Long deferred problems of institutional racism were challenged by both radical forces on the ground as well as by progressives in the federal government.

The boom did not last. With mounting private debt, deflationary monetary policy, and declining profit rates, the world economy entered into a crisis period. After several false starts, the bust in the New York Stock Exchange on 6 February 1930 ushered in the era of the Great Depression. With the American communist movement embracing a return to the tactics of the Red Summer in line with the Comintern's Third Period policy, the Depression became an insurrectionary battleground between the establishment and the working class. With the U.S. reaching peaks of 25 to 30 percent unemployment, widespread evictions and foreclosures, the Workers' Communist Party was able to achieve a decisive victory in the 1932 elections, with nominee Norman Thomas winning a decisive electoral win against incumbent Herbert Hoover and a divided slate of bourgeois candidates.

During the four-month long "lame-duck" period between the election and the seating of the new government, reactionary forces under the leadership of then Lieutenant General Douglas MacArthur conspired to overthrow the liberal state and impose reactionary rule on the country. The MacArthur Putsch on 1 February 1933 succeeded in decapitating much of the leadership of the WCP and imposing military control on much of the country, but failed to prevent revolutionary uprisings in the nation's industrial heartland.

In the ensuing Second American Civil War, the U.S. Army under the control of the fascist National Salvation Front began an offensive into the revolutionary strongholds of the Midwest. After initial gains, the offensive stalled as the revolutionaries mobilized an effective Red Army constituted of anti-Putsch reservists, Great War veterans, and new conscripts, equipped from the U.S. Army reserve depots. Following the defeat of General George C. Marshall's forces in the Battle of Chicago, the tide turned in favor of the revolutionaries.

In tandem with the Red Army going on the offensive, the political leadership of the anti-fascist forces abandoned the defensive struggle to restore the constitution, declaring the formation of a socialist republic on 1 May 1933. The Red Army inflicted a string of costly fights on the White Army as popular uprisings spread through the western half of the country. Red victory was fait accompli by July, following the liberation of Washington, D.C., and the destruction of much of the remaining White Army. MacArthur and other White leaders who escaped capture would begin a long fighting retreat south, finally evacuating to Cuba under the protection of the British Royal Navy.

Cold War to Present
The tensions between Third Communist International and the countries of the Alliance of Free States led to the global ideological and geopolitical rivalry between the former allies, which became known as the Cold War.

"Warming Period"
Towards the end of the second decade of the twenty first century, relations between the Alliance of Free States and Third Communist International have begun to deterioriate once again over lingering issues in the global south and an upswelling in the election of more confrontational politicians within the Alliance of Free States over the eruption of the third Burkinabe revolution, the knock on effects of it and the Third Bush War, and the unusually prolonged Champa War between the Kingdom of Thailand and Indochina from 2015 to 2017 (with skirmishing threatening to reignite the conflict in 2019 before Chinese and Indian diplomatic intervention). With many believing that this means the end of the "long detente", the more-hawkish Liberation Communist Party has made an electoral comeback. With anthropogenic climate change being listed as an increased worry, many within the Comintern no longer wish to wait for the Social Ecology movement and Ereists' promised death knell of capitalism and have once again looked to more confrontational politicians again.

This is commonly cited as one of the primary reasons that the incumbent government of Premier Alix Olson of the Social Ecology Union was unseated by Dina Gilio-Whitaker of Liberation; a native American professor turned politician and activist who campaigned on the idea that the Earth cannot afford to wait for the Cold War to end of its own accord when the spectre of irreversible climate change such as the potential end of the glaciation of the polar regions looms overhead. While not moving towards all out conflict short of open warfare as her predecessors in the 1980s did, Dina's central executive council has endeavoured to intensify class struggle in conflict regions and substantially accelerate plans to transition towards cleaner industries and power sources, including an unparalelled push for Fusion energy.

Government


The United Republics operate under a  system. Under this model, serve as the basis of democratic representation from the community to the entire country, rendering the United Republics more a political and economic "union" of otherwise fully autonomous states than a formal federation (cf. ).



While the constitution invests supreme de jure power in the All-Union Congress of Soviets, the operations of government are conducted by devolved institutions. The Congress elects a Presidium to serve as both its Speaker as well as the head of state. Most day-to-day legislative and executive functions Functions are conducted by the Congress' steering committee, the All-Union Central Executive Council (CEC).

In its original form the CEC had a bicameral division of duties into a body representative of the union republics (Council of the Republics or CR) and one representative of the American people (Council of People's Deputies or CPD). Additionally, the Central Committee, responsible to the whole body, served as the cabinet, and was comprised of the chairs of the major governmental departments, the People's Secretariats.

Constitutional reforms have streamlined this process; the Council of the Republics has been reorganized as a separate institution from the CEC. The unicameral Central Executive Council governs the affairs of the whole union, with the separate Council of the Republics regulates the federal division of powers.

The Congress has devolved judicial power to the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal (SRT), and a system of lower tribunals. Tribunes are appointed to terms not exceeding ten years by the Presidium, subject to the consent of the CEC, giving the judiciary a measure of independence from the government. The courts can exercise judicial review over other devolved institutions, but have no substantive power over the organic laws passed by the full Congress of Soviets.

The governments of the union republics follow a similar format, though streamlined due to its smaller scope. Each republic has a Congress of Soviets, comprised of delegations from the district soviets, and elects a dual executive/legislative steering committee to conduct the day-to-day affairs of government.

Parties
In the years following the Revolution, politics in the United Republics was normally dominated by the Marxist-DeLeonist Workers' Communist Party, which had been the primary party of the left during the pre-revolutionary period. It was typically but not always necessarily partnered with the agrarian and Christian socialist Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, while the market socialist Democratic-Republican Party and anti-communist True Democrats represented right-wing opposition. The WCP would eventually split in the 1950s over the issue of policy in the Horn War, ending the first party system of the UASR.

Today, the political spectrum roughly from left-to-right is represented as follows:


 * Social Ecology Union
 * Liberation Communist Party
 * Communist Labor Party
 * Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party
 * Democratic-Republican Party
 * True Democrats

In addition, there are a number of parties and groups representing specific minority groups, such as the African National Congress, the Asiatic Council, Jewish-American Labor Bund and the Native Peoples' League.

Administrative Divisions


As for the immediate period after the revolution, the American was divided into the Integral Union Republics, encompassing the territories of the old states, and Autonomous Union Republics.

List of political divisions:


 * Alaska
 * Arkansas
 * Arizona
 * Apache
 * California
 * Chicagoland
 * Colorado
 * Connecticut
 * Dakota
 * Delaware
 * Florida
 * Hawai'i
 * Idaho
 * Illinois
 * Indiana
 * Iowa
 * Kansas
 * Kentucky
 * Louisiana
 * Maine
 * Maryland
 * Massachusetts
 * Metropolis
 * Michigan
 * Minnesota
 * Missouri
 * Montana
 * Nebraska
 * Nevada
 * New Afrika
 * New Jersey
 * New Mexico
 * North Carolina
 * Ohio
 * Oklahoma
 * Oregon
 * Pennsylvania
 * Sequoyah
 * Sioux
 * Tennessee
 * Texas
 * Utah
 * Vermont
 * Virginia
 * Washington
 * West Virginia
 * Wisconsin
 * Wyoming

Foreign relations
The United Republics is one of the leading members of the Third Communist International. The country shares a southern land borders with Mexico, which along with other members of the Latin Confederation, is a close ally. It is also a major ally of the other Comintern superpower, the Soviet Union, in spite of socio-cultural differences. On the other hand, the state is at odds with the Franco-British Union, the traditional primary power of the capitalist Alliance of Free States, Newfoundland and Labrador, one of the few remaining AFS/Commonwealth strongholds in North America and the American exile regime in Cuba, which claims itself to be America's legitimate government and claims all of the US's territory as of 1933. As part of the Cold War, the UASR has also been involved in several proxy wars with capitalist-aligned forces in Africa and Asia.

Environment and Ecology
The north American ecosystem is wild but sadly like OTL it's also kinda dying

Economy
initially market-socialist/mixed economy, moved towards labor vouchers in line with comintern policy

Infrastructure
The primary transport network in most cities consist of a light rail system, a bus system, and rail stations connecting cities together in tandem with freeways. Cars and Bikes are popular, but are often sidelined in favor of rail networks.

Demographics
The United Republics is a multicultural and multiethnic society, encompassing a vast land area and many waves of migration. Most Americans today are descended from migrants who settled in the country post-colonization, with indigenous peoples, such as Navajo, Cherokee, Lakotah and Alaskan Natives only making up a minority of the population. The largest population group today are White Americans of European descent, who are not limited to the descendents of early colonists, but often later migrants, fleeing persecution or hardships in their homelands, many of whom were instrumental im making up the early 20th century working classes that were responsible for the Revolution in 1933. Even within the White population, there are many distinct groups, such as Ashkenazi Jewish-Americans, Pennsylvania Dutch, Hispanaphones of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban and Latin American origin, Francophones concentrated in regions such as Quebec, Lousiana and Acadia, and German-Americans, many of whom still speak German as their native language.

One of the other most significant groups are African-Americans, largely descended from slaves captured by Europeans and brought to colonies on the American continent during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. As one of the most visible historically oppressed groups in American society, their status and liberties have played an important role in American history, from the First Civil War leasing to the abolition of slavery, to the role of black communists in the Deep South challenging segregation and fighting in the Second American Revolution.

Asian-Americans are another major group, with large numbers first arriving as migrant labourers in the mid-to-late 19th century and then increasing substantially with the abolition of immigration barriers targeted at Asia (particularly east asia) and encouraging of asian immigration to provide replacement labourers during the great war for the large numbers of white and black Americans leaving the country for military deployment. The Asian community spiked again during the Second-Sino Japanese war as large numbers of Chinese refugees sought safety elsewhere in the face of invasion and renewed civil strife in China, and once more after the war as many sought to take the opportunity to come to a country not devastated by war. Afterwards migration from East and South-East Asia has continued from parts of the Comintern that have been less developed until recent decades (a trend which has also seen more recent arrivals from Africa, the USSR and Eastern Europe, among other TCI states) at a punctuated equilibrium that follows a regular trend, spikes in times of crisis then gradually slowing down once conditions improved.

The number of Americans of mixed racial ancestry (including Hispanic Americans of Mesitzo descent) is also growing as a result of increasing integration. Much of the hispanic community can also trace its roots to the expansion of immigration programs dating back to the first world war to ensure that the factories remained staff despite the large numbers of men being sent overseas for military roles.

One of the largest temporary migrant populations within the UASR are students seeking education in the highly prestigious tertiary education facilities within the UASR, often regarded as some of the best within the Communist International. This population includes not merely the typical university aged young adults but also older revolutionaries or revolutionary hopefuls seeking a greater foundation in sociopolitical theory as well as foreign military officers looking to be educated in American military theory to pass onto their home armed forces. Technical and specialist forms of education such as the Rubidium School of Animated Arts also attract a substantial number of foreign students, even from the Alliance.

The United Republics today has an aging population, with birth rates having decreased significantly in the decades following the Revolution in 1933. The average birth rate has generally stabilised at between two and three children per person with the decline in birth rate as part of the so called "Baker curve", where the improvement in access to childcare, guarantees of child education, provision of daycares, parental support, and decreased financial stress eventually cancels out effects of higher living conditions, ready access to birth control, acceptance of non-heteronormative sexuality and singleness, and female labour participation at roughly 2-3 children per adult woman. As such the population continues to increase at a largely steady rate. Birth rates are largely homogenous across all ethnicities within the UASR with the primary exceptions being recently settled emigres from outside the Comintern, traditionally refugees settled within the UASR displaced by violence and persecution.